I've now owned all late model MY96+ (no distributors) engine types on the W140 chassis. Here's my updated buyers guide for the engines and accessories with some under car and suspension at the end.
All engines:
Check the oil filler cap for milky emulsified oil indicating a head gasket leak.
Check under oil filler cap for sludge built up in the head/s from poor servicing and/or incorrect oil.
Coolant should be clean with no scum or anything under the filler cap or in the expansion tank. Black residue can indicate a head gasket leak. The color should not be faded to opaque dirty water.
Steering box can leak requiring seals to be replaced, access to which is tight. PS lines can leak too.
If you have a compliant seller and know your way around a W140 remove the aux belt and feel for looseness on PS pump, alternator, water pump, tensioner, everything.
Test the AC and heater at full blast, test operation of both sides at different temps to check duo valve operation. Leave the AC on full for a while, the two elec. AUX fans should work.
The engine fan has a viscous drive and should engage if the car idles for any length of time at full engine temp. It should engage at cold start up too.
The temp gauge might be dead or can move about from a faulty gauge in the cluster. Can read engine temp accurately on Climate Control readout in diagnostics sensor mode 6. (Hold REST button down for a while to enter diagnostics sensor mode and press left Auto button to select mode.)
After you have driven the car with the engine at operating temp check for leaks with engine off as the coolant system will be under pressure.
Listen to the engine while idling for any noises, make sure the AC compressor and PS pump is very quiet or silent, give the car a bit of a rev but while stationary to listen to any noises but the ECU limits the engine to ~4,000rpm (safety for the torque convertor). Both my M119 cars have a vibration around the 1500rpm range, the sixes an 12 don't do that.
All engines should be damn quiet inside a closed W140 cabin. If there is groaning or vibration the car needs engine mounts.
The coil pack ignition on these engines is quite forgiving for worn spark plugs. Any misfires is will most likely be a coil or in rare cases the coil to spark plug risers.
M104 I6 S280 & S320 engine oil leaks etc:
Engine cam cover gasket at the rear, oil can seep down then wick around to the exhaust side due to the angle of the engine. This might look like a head gasket oil leak but it is not.
Common leak is the front "U" seal between upper and lower section of the timing chain cover, the seal dries up over time and leaks. This might look like a head gasket oil leak but it is not.
Cam cover is magnesium. High mileage cars can have oil seeping through the magnesium metal, causing the paing to flake off. If original this is an indicator of the genuine mileage of the car.
Rear main seal is a common leak with a completely revised rear main seal available from Mercedes to fix. Front main seal does not have this issue but is much easier to check and fix if required.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Right hand drive cars have an oil cooler located under the oil filter. The perimeter seal can perish and oil then leaks down the side of the engine above the starter motor.
Power steering pump seal at the front manifests as a slow leak, requiring removal and rebuilding. Steering box can leak quite a lot of oil requiring seals to be replaced, access to which is tight.
Transmission fluid cooler is inside the radiator. A leak will result in engine coolant in the transmission.
M119 V8 (S420 & S500) engine oil leaks etc:
Oil leaks are not as prominent on the M119, less prone to leaks out of all the engines.
Cam covers are a common leak but easy fix.
Front main seal is not a common problem leak.
Rear main seal is not a common problem.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Have a look at youtube videos with the dreaded cam oiler ticking noise to familiarize yourself with this sound but it's actually quite an easy fix to replace with metal oilers.
Power steering pump seal at the front manifests as a slow leak, requiring removal and rebuilding. Cars with SLS had a tandem pump, can develop same leak but more difficult to rebuild.
Transmission fluid cooler is inside the radiator, and leak will result in engine coolant in the transmission.
S500 has a separate engine oil cooler, the lines can leak at the joins.
Check the condition of the magnesium cooling fan and harmonic balancer.
M120 V12 (S600) engine oil leaks etc:
The V12 has the most oil leaks.
Biggest leak comes from the dual timing chain cover seals joining the lower cover to the two upper timing chain covers, in behind the water pump.
Rear main seal in not a common problem, in fact it is the same part number as the M119 rear main seal.
Front main seal is not usually a problem.
Cam cover seals can leak.
Cam covers are magnesium. High mileage cars can have oil seeping through the magnesium metal, causing the paint to flake off. If original this is an indicator of the genuine mileage of the car.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Can develop hydraulic lifter tick if the oil is a bit thin.
Most S600 have SLS with a tandem pump, it can leak out the front seal behind the pulley.
S600 has a separate engine oil cooler and separate transmission cooler, the lines can leak at the joins.
Check the condition of the magnesium cooling fan and harmonic balancer.
Transmission 722.3 733.4 722.5
Mostly on pre MY96 models the transmission is hydraulic controlled with mechanical shift linkage mechanism with further vacuum control. Check the oil with engine at operating temp in drive (chock the wheels!) Level should be in the safe range and healthy red-orange colour. If the oil is in the darker burnt to greenish black colour it shows abuse of the gearbox or it is out of adjustment, and possibly very old oil and has absorbed moisture from many many years.
When engine is still cold the transmission will delay shifting to 3rd gear, this might seem abnormal but it is normal operation. Check for smooth shifts both up and down, test for healthy kickdown, test manual shifting at sensible speeds. If something doesn't feel right it could be a multitude of causes, ranging from a simple adjustment or vacuum leak up to possibly detrimental wear or failure of an internal component. If the shifter mechanism feels a bit loose it is just old tired shifter bushes.
On a M104 car at full throttle from a stop the car should change through the gears near redline, gear changes should still be smooth but no flailing.
On M119 or M120 equipped cars the transmission starts off in 2nd gear, unless pushed to kickdown. Manual shifting is required for aggressive redline shifts, the car short shifts if left in Drive.
Test reverse, it should not take excessive time to engage and should drive the car with confidence just as the forward gears do. If you need to rev the car for it to move, if it feels weak and/or strange noises in reverse gear are symptoms of the common reverse lip seal and/or spring retainer failure.
On 722.5 equipped cars make sure overdrive 5th gear works.
There are half a dozen or more seals transmission oil can leak from off the top of my head. Rear seal is the easiest to spot, and seals at the front at the input shaft are hardest to fix due to access requiring removal of the gearbox. If there is oil leaking at the front of the gearbox it could be the engine rear main seal, color of the oil should be a tell tale sign.
Reverse failure from a torn lip seal is common. If the car does not have a documented rebuild, factor this into your purchase.
Transmission 722.6
This transmission does not have a dipstick and was marketed as "sealed for life", so it will be hard to check the oil when looking at the car and there is a greater chance the oil has never been changed since they put it in at the factory. Can buy your own dipstick, if checking the oil have engine running at operating temp, in Drive with wheels chocked! Being electronic, this transmission either works or it doesn't. If not it will got into a limp mode letting you drive home stuck in gear.
Can develop a leak around the brake lockout connector and rear main seal. Front main transmission seal leak is very rare.
On all 722.6 equipped cars oil wicks up the wiring harness and fills the TCU. This requires TCU cleaning and new connector and connector seals on transmission. No big deal.
Conductor plate failure from worn speed sensors is common. No big deal.
Complete failure from K2 bushing bearing failure are common, replacement internals and rebuilt transmission is required, updated to K2 roller bearing.
If the car does not have a documented rebuild factor this into your purchase.
Under the car and suspension
Check the two rubber flexdisks on the tailshaft for cracks. Small cracks are ok but the rubber should be structurally sound. Check boots around sway bar links as the boots on cheap non-genuine parts can crack very easily. Check the suspension bush condition, cracked and off centre needs replacing.
While driving if the steering wheel shakes it is either from out of balance wheels or out of round wheels/tires. If the car has sat it may take a while for the flat spots to me massaged out from driving. Shaking steering while braking is warped brake rotors. There can be a slight shake at certain speeds from old suspension bushes but I have not experienced this, correctly balanced and round wheels will expose this problem. If there is bump feedback through the steering the car requires a replacement steering damper.
Check suspension for clunks and knocks, make sure steering isn't too floaty. Can adjust the steering box to fix free play, or might need a new steering idler arm bush. Also make sure tires are at proper pressure around 30 psi as this can be the difference between thinking the shocks and bushes are gone, to thinking the car rides ok. W140 seems to be very sensitive to tire pressure for ideal ride quality.
Scrubbed edges on tires indicates that a wheel alignment probably won't fix the problem.
If you get the lift the car off the ground, check the ball joints for play. Slightly loose front wheels indicate the front bearing need to be re-tightened. If passenger side front wheel can be steered independently of driver side the steering idler arm is shot.
On car with ADS/SLS if there is a sharp crack coming from the rear over big bumps, the lower and/or upper shock mounts need replacing.
That's it for now.
All engines:
Check the oil filler cap for milky emulsified oil indicating a head gasket leak.
Check under oil filler cap for sludge built up in the head/s from poor servicing and/or incorrect oil.
Coolant should be clean with no scum or anything under the filler cap or in the expansion tank. Black residue can indicate a head gasket leak. The color should not be faded to opaque dirty water.
Steering box can leak requiring seals to be replaced, access to which is tight. PS lines can leak too.
If you have a compliant seller and know your way around a W140 remove the aux belt and feel for looseness on PS pump, alternator, water pump, tensioner, everything.
Test the AC and heater at full blast, test operation of both sides at different temps to check duo valve operation. Leave the AC on full for a while, the two elec. AUX fans should work.
The engine fan has a viscous drive and should engage if the car idles for any length of time at full engine temp. It should engage at cold start up too.
The temp gauge might be dead or can move about from a faulty gauge in the cluster. Can read engine temp accurately on Climate Control readout in diagnostics sensor mode 6. (Hold REST button down for a while to enter diagnostics sensor mode and press left Auto button to select mode.)
After you have driven the car with the engine at operating temp check for leaks with engine off as the coolant system will be under pressure.
Listen to the engine while idling for any noises, make sure the AC compressor and PS pump is very quiet or silent, give the car a bit of a rev but while stationary to listen to any noises but the ECU limits the engine to ~4,000rpm (safety for the torque convertor). Both my M119 cars have a vibration around the 1500rpm range, the sixes an 12 don't do that.
All engines should be damn quiet inside a closed W140 cabin. If there is groaning or vibration the car needs engine mounts.
The coil pack ignition on these engines is quite forgiving for worn spark plugs. Any misfires is will most likely be a coil or in rare cases the coil to spark plug risers.
M104 I6 S280 & S320 engine oil leaks etc:
Engine cam cover gasket at the rear, oil can seep down then wick around to the exhaust side due to the angle of the engine. This might look like a head gasket oil leak but it is not.
Common leak is the front "U" seal between upper and lower section of the timing chain cover, the seal dries up over time and leaks. This might look like a head gasket oil leak but it is not.
Cam cover is magnesium. High mileage cars can have oil seeping through the magnesium metal, causing the paing to flake off. If original this is an indicator of the genuine mileage of the car.
Rear main seal is a common leak with a completely revised rear main seal available from Mercedes to fix. Front main seal does not have this issue but is much easier to check and fix if required.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Right hand drive cars have an oil cooler located under the oil filter. The perimeter seal can perish and oil then leaks down the side of the engine above the starter motor.
Power steering pump seal at the front manifests as a slow leak, requiring removal and rebuilding. Steering box can leak quite a lot of oil requiring seals to be replaced, access to which is tight.
Transmission fluid cooler is inside the radiator. A leak will result in engine coolant in the transmission.
M119 V8 (S420 & S500) engine oil leaks etc:
Oil leaks are not as prominent on the M119, less prone to leaks out of all the engines.
Cam covers are a common leak but easy fix.
Front main seal is not a common problem leak.
Rear main seal is not a common problem.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Have a look at youtube videos with the dreaded cam oiler ticking noise to familiarize yourself with this sound but it's actually quite an easy fix to replace with metal oilers.
Power steering pump seal at the front manifests as a slow leak, requiring removal and rebuilding. Cars with SLS had a tandem pump, can develop same leak but more difficult to rebuild.
Transmission fluid cooler is inside the radiator, and leak will result in engine coolant in the transmission.
S500 has a separate engine oil cooler, the lines can leak at the joins.
Check the condition of the magnesium cooling fan and harmonic balancer.
M120 V12 (S600) engine oil leaks etc:
The V12 has the most oil leaks.
Biggest leak comes from the dual timing chain cover seals joining the lower cover to the two upper timing chain covers, in behind the water pump.
Rear main seal in not a common problem, in fact it is the same part number as the M119 rear main seal.
Front main seal is not usually a problem.
Cam cover seals can leak.
Cam covers are magnesium. High mileage cars can have oil seeping through the magnesium metal, causing the paint to flake off. If original this is an indicator of the genuine mileage of the car.
Can leak around the engine oil level sensor.
Can develop hydraulic lifter tick if the oil is a bit thin.
Most S600 have SLS with a tandem pump, it can leak out the front seal behind the pulley.
S600 has a separate engine oil cooler and separate transmission cooler, the lines can leak at the joins.
Check the condition of the magnesium cooling fan and harmonic balancer.
Transmission 722.3 733.4 722.5
Mostly on pre MY96 models the transmission is hydraulic controlled with mechanical shift linkage mechanism with further vacuum control. Check the oil with engine at operating temp in drive (chock the wheels!) Level should be in the safe range and healthy red-orange colour. If the oil is in the darker burnt to greenish black colour it shows abuse of the gearbox or it is out of adjustment, and possibly very old oil and has absorbed moisture from many many years.
When engine is still cold the transmission will delay shifting to 3rd gear, this might seem abnormal but it is normal operation. Check for smooth shifts both up and down, test for healthy kickdown, test manual shifting at sensible speeds. If something doesn't feel right it could be a multitude of causes, ranging from a simple adjustment or vacuum leak up to possibly detrimental wear or failure of an internal component. If the shifter mechanism feels a bit loose it is just old tired shifter bushes.
On a M104 car at full throttle from a stop the car should change through the gears near redline, gear changes should still be smooth but no flailing.
On M119 or M120 equipped cars the transmission starts off in 2nd gear, unless pushed to kickdown. Manual shifting is required for aggressive redline shifts, the car short shifts if left in Drive.
Test reverse, it should not take excessive time to engage and should drive the car with confidence just as the forward gears do. If you need to rev the car for it to move, if it feels weak and/or strange noises in reverse gear are symptoms of the common reverse lip seal and/or spring retainer failure.
On 722.5 equipped cars make sure overdrive 5th gear works.
There are half a dozen or more seals transmission oil can leak from off the top of my head. Rear seal is the easiest to spot, and seals at the front at the input shaft are hardest to fix due to access requiring removal of the gearbox. If there is oil leaking at the front of the gearbox it could be the engine rear main seal, color of the oil should be a tell tale sign.
Reverse failure from a torn lip seal is common. If the car does not have a documented rebuild, factor this into your purchase.
Transmission 722.6
This transmission does not have a dipstick and was marketed as "sealed for life", so it will be hard to check the oil when looking at the car and there is a greater chance the oil has never been changed since they put it in at the factory. Can buy your own dipstick, if checking the oil have engine running at operating temp, in Drive with wheels chocked! Being electronic, this transmission either works or it doesn't. If not it will got into a limp mode letting you drive home stuck in gear.
Can develop a leak around the brake lockout connector and rear main seal. Front main transmission seal leak is very rare.
On all 722.6 equipped cars oil wicks up the wiring harness and fills the TCU. This requires TCU cleaning and new connector and connector seals on transmission. No big deal.
Conductor plate failure from worn speed sensors is common. No big deal.
Complete failure from K2 bushing bearing failure are common, replacement internals and rebuilt transmission is required, updated to K2 roller bearing.
If the car does not have a documented rebuild factor this into your purchase.
Under the car and suspension
Check the two rubber flexdisks on the tailshaft for cracks. Small cracks are ok but the rubber should be structurally sound. Check boots around sway bar links as the boots on cheap non-genuine parts can crack very easily. Check the suspension bush condition, cracked and off centre needs replacing.
While driving if the steering wheel shakes it is either from out of balance wheels or out of round wheels/tires. If the car has sat it may take a while for the flat spots to me massaged out from driving. Shaking steering while braking is warped brake rotors. There can be a slight shake at certain speeds from old suspension bushes but I have not experienced this, correctly balanced and round wheels will expose this problem. If there is bump feedback through the steering the car requires a replacement steering damper.
Check suspension for clunks and knocks, make sure steering isn't too floaty. Can adjust the steering box to fix free play, or might need a new steering idler arm bush. Also make sure tires are at proper pressure around 30 psi as this can be the difference between thinking the shocks and bushes are gone, to thinking the car rides ok. W140 seems to be very sensitive to tire pressure for ideal ride quality.
Scrubbed edges on tires indicates that a wheel alignment probably won't fix the problem.
If you get the lift the car off the ground, check the ball joints for play. Slightly loose front wheels indicate the front bearing need to be re-tightened. If passenger side front wheel can be steered independently of driver side the steering idler arm is shot.
On car with ADS/SLS if there is a sharp crack coming from the rear over big bumps, the lower and/or upper shock mounts need replacing.
That's it for now.