What is being measure if not compression?
It is kinda' like the Opposite of Compression testing.
Compression testing has the Piston/Cylinder/Ring complex pushing air *OUT* of the Combustion Chamber, while Leak-Down Testing Pumps Air *INTO* the combustion chamber, checking to see if any of that Air "Leaks" out into the Coolant (aka Head Gasket Leak), or Leaks into the CrankCase (Leaking around the Rings), or A leak around the Intake/Exhaust Valves (with subsequent Hissing noise in the Intake manifold area or out the exhaust pipe, respectively.)