It's difficult to say... diesel fuel is inherently dirtier than gasoline and its quality can vary widely. You can get lucky and go for 40,000-50,000 miles with no ill effect or you can get a few tankfuls of dirty fuel and plug your filter up. Also, if there is any water in the fuel, algae will grow turning the fuel in your system blue; the filter takes that out.
Bottom line -- you can get away with intervals in the 20K-30k range (I have done that myself), but you are incurring increasing risk beyond that. What's the worst case scenario? The filter plugs, your car stops running, and then it's "flat bed time"; by the way, I have often found even the dealer doesn't have the filter in stock, so they have to special order it with a 1-2 day wait.
If you're mechanically handy at all, replace the filter yourself; it's only $45 (at the dealer) and you save ~$150 in labor. I can do mine in about 30 minutes and it's readily accessible during an oil filter change.