Bulb failure indicator diagnosis procedure as a summary and consensus from this and other forums.
You can narrow the diagnosis in a few easy steps.
Refrain from having your foot on the brake pedal during the first part of this short test.
(1) Turn on the ignition to position 2 (run) but not to 3 (start). All the warning lamps will light (turn on) as a 'bulb check' before the engine is started (as soon as the engine starts they all go out). If a warning light does not illuminate, the light is off, there is something not right, perhaps a burned bulb. Replace the bulb and try again.
(2) Start the engine. All the warning lights should go out. Foot off the brakes. Leave engine running & transmission in P (Park). Observe if a warning light is on. If all are off, go to the next step.
(3) Turn on the parking lamps. If a park lamp or tail light is out, as soon as you turn on the parking lamps that warning lamp will come on and stay on while the circuit is energized. A walk around the car will tell you which is out.
(4) Turn on the headlamps. If the bulb remains unlit (engine running), then comes on when the headlights are turned on, then it it a headlamp bulb. OK so far? Leave the engine on.
(5) Depress the brake pedal. If the warning lamp comes on, it is one of the brake lights. Also, the thing about the bulb failure light & brake lights is different than the other circuits. If a brake lamp bulb has failed the lamp REMAINS LIT, even with your foot OFF the brake pedal.
When you shut off the ignition the bulb failure circuit resets itself.
Also, if that bulb light stays on during the day (no lights on), one of the brake lights is out.
If you have a loose connector somewhere; a bump on the road may translate to a jiggling of the connection. Start with the easy stuff like the tail lights since they are a snap to remove and check.
Turn on your headlights and either go to the corner of the car and push on the quarter panel and watch to see if the lights flicker on that side, or if possible, see if the dash light comes on.
Another slightly easier but more time-consuming is to have a friend follow you as you drive over bumps, watching to see if any lights flicker.
The license plate light is commonly overlooked.
In one case: “There is a Light Control Module under the hood and the solder joints in it get cold and lose their connectivity. After going around and around on this one for over a year I went to this little box, resoldered all the little connector pins and for the first time in my relationship with this car the (warning) light is out.â€
In one case: “Also be sure to use bulbs of correct wattage. I once changed the front parking lights and instead of 4w put in 2w bulbs (in pair). I didn't pay attention to that detail when I bought them, as they were looking exactly the same. So, the fault indicator was still on. I spent the next couple of hours checking every bulb, fuse, wiring, etc... Then I noticed that little inscription (2W) on the bulb...â€
One advises: “The light bulb controller will always compare the Ohm in one part of a pair with the other, and react if the values differ to much. So it will compare your left front parking light with your right one. And your left hind blinker with your right, and so on. If you have a bulb that is about to go zulu, the resistance in it will change, and the light go on. Or if the wiring to a bulb is failing. If both bulbs are defect, the light will not shine. The difference in resistance will be zero.â€
One advises: â€Always change bulbs in pairs. Never use two different bulbs in a pair. They must match exactly, and should have the same producer.â€
One advises: â€If you replaced just one bulb recently then you will need to replace the other one too. A. Something I heard but more common sense than truth."
One advises: “You need to buy only mercedes benz bulbs not cheap bulbs from pep boys coz there is an extra resistance built into the benz bulb. A. Hogwash as far as I know, but change em in pairs. See above."
One advises: “It lights up to warn you of impending bulb failure. A. Most likely true.â€
It's a trail and error process.