Whether tyres rub on the arch is not just a function of the width of the tyre - more importantly it's a function of the suspension set-up.
Soft springs with soft shocks will cause rubbing - no question. Tired springs or tired shocks will cause the same.
Distance between arch and tyre is also crucial of course - if it is stock height, then you will likely get no rubbing. But if car is aggresively lowered and does not have correct spring/shock stiffness, rubbing will occur.
the w126 cars should be able to run, lowered suspension, 8J with et11, 8.5 with et18 with no issues at all, after all these were AMG specs. If you cannot run these set-ups without rubbing, then something is not functioning correctly, either springs, shocks or castor adjustment.