Your problem is probably the evaporator temperature sensor. It can be a problem with the sensor itself or an incorrect parameter set in the climate control module. If no work has been done to the climate control, I would suppose the parameter is not the problem, and I would focus on the sensor. But if the problem is an incorrect parameter, then you will have to take the car to a dealer or an independent that has Mercedes' SDS software.
The easiest way for you to troubleshoot the sensor would be to invest in a Carsoft scanner from eBay. This would cost about $250.
Another way to troubleshoot would be to connect an electronic multimeter to the sensor and measure its resistance. At a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius the resistance should be 9K ohms; at 0 degrees Celsius it should be 1.2K ohm.
You may want to just order a new sensor. The part number is 220 830 07 72. It sells for $45 at
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